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Conduct a literature search to locate a journal article related to the health or health care practices of African American, European American, or Appalachian people
Discussion Question:
Conduct a literature search to locate a journal article related to the health or health care practices of African American, European American, or Appalachian people. Present a summary of the journal article and examine how the information presented may impact your nursing practice. Please provide a copy of the journal article (or hyperlink) if possible.
Expert Answer and Explanation
Discussion Question: African American Health
The article selected was an article written by Capasso, DiClemente, and Wingood (2019) that detailed pregnancy coercion as a risk behavior leading to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections especially among young African American women. The article cited pregnancy coercion as a behavior, usually by a male partner, that aims to influence a woman’s independent decision, to become or not to become pregnant, including the use of violence.
The article employed a secondary analysis of data collected through researches that only performed randomized control trials between 2012 and 2014. From the study, it was noted that women who were subjected to pregnancy coercion had a higher risk of getting HIV and other STIs as compared to those who were not. The research therefore concluded that pregnancy coercion was associated with poor sexual health outcomes for the young African American women population.
From this study, there are lessons to learn that can be of great help in enhancing the fight against sexually transmitted infections amongst the African American community. According to the CDC report on HIV prevalence among the African American population, it is noted that the community is at a higher risk, than other population groups, to contract HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.
To reduce this trend, one of the lessons learned from the reviewed article is a revision of the social norms and practices that need to be emphasized. Dissuasion of pregnancy coercion is one of the strategies that healthcare providers can employ to reduce the likelihood of spreading STIs amongst the Black community. The research provides a new approach that is rarely employed towards the fight against HIV, which as a nurse, will be helpful when evaluating the possible approaches in impacting community health of the Black population.
The link to the article used is https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000002174
References
Capasso, A., DiClemente, R. J., & Wingood, G. M. (2019). Pregnancy Coercion as a Risk Factor for HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Young African American Women. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 82 Suppl 2(2), S155–S161. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000002174
HIV among African Americans. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Web Site. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/group/racialethnic/africanamericans/index.html. Published February 2018.
Alternative Expert Answer and Explanation
Review of Article on Appalachia Population
The exposure of the Appalachia population to the risk of substance abuse is high given the lack of empowerment opportunities in communities with this population. Moody, Satterwhite and Bickel (2017), in their study, investigate the impact of socioeconomic status of this population on the use of substances as well as on the treatment. According to this study, anti-substance use and abuse programs should integrate innovative strategies to address the soaring rates of overdose in this community.
The authors link the high rates of incidences to various issues including the inadequate availability of the medical facilities and health care providers. The researchers point out some of the underlying factors which contribute to the problem of substance use, and based on their view, the increase in incidences in which people rely on nonmedical prescription medications. They also attribute the problem to the lack of the health coverage, lack of access to education opportunities as well as poverty.
The information in the journal can have a significant impact on my nursing practice. Nursing practitioners advocate for the needs of the populations by focusing on addressing the population health needs. For me as a nurse, being aware of the contributory factors to the high rates of overdose with psychotic substances could influence my decision to advocate for making health services become available to the population.
The details in the article may also influence my decision to focus more on working with the isolated populations with the objective of reducing the disparity in the access to health (Bloom, 2016). As a nurse, I would put emphasis on assessing risk factors for substance use, and provide health information as part of the objective of reducing the high rates of overdose (Zucker, 2019).
Reference
Bloom A. W. (2016). Advances in Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Interventions Among Racial, Ethnic, and Sexual Minority Populations. Alcohol research : current reviews, 38(1), 47–54.
Moody, L., Satterwhite, E., & Bickel, W. K. (2017). Substance Use in Rural Central Appalachia: Current Status and Treatment Considerations. Rural mental health, 41(2), 123–135. doi:10.1037/rmh0000064.
Zucker, R. A. (2019). The Oxford handbook of adolescent substance abuse. New York, NY: Oxford University Press
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FAQs
African attitudes to mental illness
Mental illness is a significant health concern in Africa, where many people still hold stigmatizing attitudes towards those who suffer from mental health conditions. In many African communities, mental illness is often misunderstood and attributed to supernatural causes such as curses, witchcraft, or possession by evil spirits. Consequently, people with mental illnesses are often ostracized and excluded from society, and many families may hide or deny their loved one’s illness out of fear of social rejection or shame.
The stigmatization of mental illness in Africa is partly due to the lack of education and awareness surrounding mental health. Many African cultures place a great emphasis on physical health and may not view mental health as a priority. Additionally, mental health services are often limited and inaccessible, especially in rural areas, where resources are scarce.
However, attitudes towards mental illness are gradually changing in Africa, with increased advocacy efforts and awareness campaigns. Some African countries are investing more in mental health services and developing policies to address mental health needs. Furthermore, religious and traditional leaders are being engaged in mental health advocacy to reduce stigma and provide more holistic support to those affected by mental illness.
Overall, while stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illness still exist in many African communities, there are encouraging signs of progress. Increased awareness, education, and access to mental health services are essential in changing negative attitudes towards mental health and improving the well-being of people living with mental health conditions.
Addressing mental health in the black community
Addressing mental health in the Black community requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the unique cultural and socio-economic factors that contribute to mental health disparities. Here are some steps that can help address mental health in the Black community:
- Increase awareness and education: Education and awareness are crucial in addressing mental health stigma in the Black community. Mental health education campaigns that target the Black community can help reduce stigma and promote help-seeking behaviors.
- Culturally sensitive care: Mental health professionals need to understand and be culturally sensitive to the unique experiences of the Black community. This includes understanding the impact of racism and discrimination on mental health and the cultural factors that influence how Black people express and cope with mental health issues.
- Address social determinants of health: Social determinants of health, such as poverty, discrimination, and lack of access to healthcare, can negatively impact mental health in the Black community. Addressing these social determinants can help improve mental health outcomes.
- Increase access to mental health care: Access to mental health care is essential in addressing mental health in the Black community. Efforts should focus on increasing access to affordable and culturally competent mental health care.
- Community support: Community support and engagement can play a vital role in addressing mental health in the Black community. Community-led initiatives that provide support and resources can help reduce stigma and promote mental health awareness.
Stigma of mental health in the black community
Stigma of mental health in the Black community refers to the negative attitudes and beliefs surrounding mental illness that are prevalent in Black communities. These attitudes and beliefs can result in shame, discrimination, and social exclusion for those living with mental illness.
Several factors contribute to the stigma of mental health in the Black community, including:
- Historical trauma: The Black community has a long history of trauma, including slavery, racism, and discrimination, which can contribute to mistrust of mental health care systems and reluctance to seek help.
- Lack of access to mental health care: Due to systemic barriers and disparities in access to mental health care, many Black individuals are unable to access necessary services, leading to untreated mental illness and exacerbating stigma.
- Cultural beliefs: In some Black communities, mental illness is often attributed to weakness, lack of faith, or personal failings, leading to feelings of shame and reluctance to seek help.
- Overrepresentation in the criminal justice system: Black individuals are disproportionately represented in the criminal justice system, often due to untreated mental illness, leading to further stigma and discrimination.
The stigma of mental health in the Black community can have severe consequences, including decreased help-seeking behaviors, delayed diagnosis and treatment, and social exclusion. Addressing mental health stigma in the Black community requires increased education and awareness about mental illness, culturally sensitive care, and increased access to mental health care. It also requires acknowledging and addressing the systemic barriers and disparities that contribute to mental health disparities in the Black community.