[ANSWERED] Select an adult patient that you examined during the last 4 weeks who presented with a disorder other than the disorder present in your Week 3 Case Presentation

Record yourself presenting the complex case for your clinical patient.

Do not sit and read your written evaluation! The video portion of the assignment is a simulation to demonstrate your ability to succinctly and effectively present a complex case to a colleague for a case consultation.

The written portion of this assignment is a simulation for you to demonstrate to the faculty your ability to document the complex case as you would in an electronic medical record. The written portion of the assignment will be used as a guide for faculty to review your video to determine if you are omitting pertinent information or including non-essential information during your case staffing consultation video.

In your presentation:

• Dress professionally and present yourself in a professional manner.
• Display your photo ID at the start of the video when you introduce yourself.
• Ensure that you do not include any information that violates the principles of HIPAA (i.e., don’t use the patient’s name or any other identifying information).
• Present the full complex case study. Include chief complaint; history of present illness; any pertinent past psychiatric, substance use, medical, social, family history; most recent mental status exam; current psychiatric diagnosis including differentials that were ruled out; and plan for treatment and management.
• Report normal diagnostic results as the name of the test and “normal” (rather than specific value). Abnormal results should be reported as a specific value.
• Be succinct in your presentation, and do not exceed 8 minutes. Specifically address the following for the patient, using your SOAP note as a guide:
  • Subjective: What details did the patient provide regarding their chief complaint and symptomology to derive your differential diagnosis? What is the duration and severity of their symptoms? How are their symptoms impacting their functioning in life?
  • Objective: What observations did you make during the psychiatric assessment?
  • Assessment: Discuss patient mental status examination results. What were your differential diagnoses? Provide a minimum of three possible diagnoses and why you chose them. List them from highest priority to lowest priority. What was your primary diagnosis, and why? Describe how your primary diagnosis aligns with DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and supported by the patient’s symptoms.
  • Plan: In your video, describe your treatment plan using clinical practice guidelines supported by evidence-based practice. Include a discussion on your chosen FDA-approved psychopharmacologic agents and include alternative treatments available and supported by valid research. All treatment choices must have a discussion of your rationale for the choice supported by valid research. What were your follow-up plan and parameters? What referrals would you make or recommend as a result of this treatment session?
  • In your written plan include all the above as well as include one social determinant of health according to the HealthyPeople 2030 (you will need to research) as applied to this case in the realm of psychiatry and mental health. As a future advanced provider, what are one health promotion activity and one patient education consideration for this patient for improving health disparities and inequities in the realm of psychiatry and mental health? Demonstrate your critical thinking.
  • Reflection notes: What would you do differently with this patient if you could conduct the session over? If you are able to follow up with your patient, explain whether these interventions were successful and why or why not. If you were not able to conduct a follow up, discuss what your next intervention would be.

Submit your Video and Focused SOAP Note Assignment. You must submit two files for the note, including a Word document and scanned PDF/images of each page that is initialed and signed by your Preceptor.

Expert Answer and Explanation

SOAP Note for Major Depressive Disorder

Subjective:

CC (chief complaint): “I have had depression for many years.”

HPI: MM is a 24-years-old female of white origin who came to group therapy complaining of depression since the age of 13. She noted that she started experiencing relational and emotional difficulties with her family, especially her sisters. She also noted that she sometimes has a depressed mood and feels low. She reported a loss of interest in her job which she loved before. Associated symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and unintended weight loss. Her depression severity is 7/10.

Past Psychiatric History:

• General Statement: Her first treatment for depression was at the age of 13.
• Caregivers: No caregivers.
• Hospitalizations: No hospitalization. She also denies suicidal and homicidal thoughts.
• Medication trials: No medical trials.
• Psychotherapy or Previous Psychiatric Diagnosis: She was diagnosed with MDD at the age of 13.

Substance Current Use and History: Denies tobacco, cocaine, heroin, alcohol, or any drug use.

Family Psychiatric/Substance Use History: No family history of substance uses or mental health problems.

Psychosocial History: She was born and raised in New York City by her parents until the age of 12. Her parents divorced when she was 13 and moved to Aurora, Colorado with her mother. She has three siblings, two sisters and a brother. She is the second born in the family. She is not married and single. She has no children.

She lives with her alone in school. She is pursuing her degree in economics. She likes football but has not gone to training for the last two months. She does not work. She reports no history of violence, trauma, or legal issues.

Medical History: No underlying mental problem.

• Current Medications: No medications.
• Allergies:No allergies.
• Reproductive Hx:She is sexually active. No reproductive abnormalities.

ROS

• GENERAL: Reports fatigue, weakness, and unintended weight loss.
• HEENT: Non-contributory.
• SKIN: She denies dryness, itching, or rashes.
• CARDIOVASCULAR: No chest discomfort, pain, or swelling
• RESPIRATORY: No shortness of breath.
• GASTROINTESTINAL: No nausea, abdominal pain, or diarrhea.
• GENITOURINARY: No UTI or burning or urination.
• NEUROLOGICAL: No neurological disorders.
• MUSCULOSKELETAL: No joint or muscle abnormalities.
• HEMATOLOGIC: No bruising.
• LYMPHATICS: No history of splenectomy.
• ENDOCRINOLOGIC: No endocrinologic abnormalities.

Objective:

Physical exam:

Vital Signs: T 36.5, HR 78, BP 111/90, Ht. 5’5 Wt. 56kgs, RR 18.

• HEENT: Head: Non-contributory.
• Skin: Warm, no rash, and dry.
• CV: No murmurs, chest clear, no chest swelling. Regular heart rate and rhythm.
• Respiratory: No distress while breathing. No wheezes.

Diagnostic results:

The Hopkins Symptoms Checklist with 25 Items (HSCL-25): HSCL-25 is one of the tools used to screen for depression. Skogen et al. (2017) note that the tool can help a mental health professional screen for anxiety or depression. The HSCL-25 results show that the patient has depression.

Assessment:

Mental Status Examination: She is dressed inappropriately. She has good eye contact, is on the verge of tears, appears calm, relates well. Speech volume and rate are standard. She was shaking when talking about her emotional feelings. She denies any homicidal or suicidal thoughts. She is A&O x4. She reports poor concentration. Her memory is intact. Her thoughts are intact. She denies hallucinations, delusions, or paranoid thoughts. She reports low mood and affect.

Differential Diagnoses: 

1. Recurrent MDD DSM-5 (296.99 (F34.8)
2. MDD DSM-5 296.33 (F33.2)
3. Bipolar II Disorder DSM-5 (296.89 (F31. 81)

The primary diagnosis is severe recurrent MDD. Recurrent MDD is associated with repeated depression episodes without reports of independent episodes of mania, increased energy, or mood elevation (Yan et al., 2019). Individuals with recurrent MDD have had at least a single depressive symptom for a minimum of two weeks.

The patient is said to have recurrent MDD because she has experienced repeated episodes of MDD. The second disorder is MDD. The patient reports a depressed mood, lack of interest in things she loved before, fatigue, weakness, and unintended weight loss which are all symptoms of MDD (Bot et al., 2019). However, the MDD is not initial because the patient has experienced the symptoms since age 13.

The last diagnosis is bipolar II disorder. The disorder causes depressive episodes and that is why it is part of the diagnosis (McKnight et al., 2017). However, it is a secondary disorder because it causes hypomania and the patient does not have hypomania (APA, 2013).

Reflections:

I agree with the preceptor’s diagnosis. She also noted that the patient has recurrent MDD which is correct. I have learned from this case that recurrent MDD is hard to diagnose. If I was given the chance again, I would have included MRI as part of the diagnostic studies to improve my diagnosis. In terms of ethical considerations, I would consider our professional boundaries. I would ensure that we maintain a professional relationship. Another ethical issue is veracity (Hsin & Torous, 2016). I will ensure that I use facts to made decision.

Case Formulation and Treatment Plan:

The patient has recurrent MDD. She should start Zoloft 25mg orally daily in addition to the CBT group therapy she is currently undergoing. Duffy et al. (2019) reported that Zoloft is an effective treatment for depression. Hence, combining Zoloft and CBT group therapy can improve her depressive symptoms.

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Author.

Bot, M., Brouwer, I. A., Roca, M., Kohls, E., Penninx, B., Watkins, E., van Grootheest, G., Cabout, M., Hegerl, U., Gili, M., Owens, M., Visser, M., & MooDFOOD Prevention Trial Investigators (2019). Effect of multinutrient supplementation and food-related behavioral activation therapy on prevention of major depressive disorder among overweight or obese adults with subsyndromal depressive symptoms: The MooDFOOD randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 321(9), 858–868. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.0556

Duffy, L., Lewis, G., Ades, A., Araya, R., Bone, J., Brabyn, S., … & Woodhouse, R. (2019). Antidepressant treatment with sertraline for adults with depressive symptoms in primary care: the PANDA research programme including RCT. Programme Grants for Applied Research, 7(10), 108. https://doi.org/10.3310/pgfar07100

Hsin, H., & Torous, J. (2016). Ethical issues in the treatment of depression. Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing), 14(2), 214–218. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.20150046

McKnight, R. F., Bilderbeck, A. C., Miklowitz, D. J., Hinds, C., Goodwin, G. M., & Geddes, J. R. (2017). Longitudinal mood monitoring in bipolar disorder: course of illness as revealed through a short messaging service. Journal of Affective Disorders, 223, 139-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.029

Skogen, J. C., Øverland, S., Smith, O. R., & Aarø, L. E. (2017). The factor structure of the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL-25) in a student population: a cautionary tale. Scandinavian Journal Of Public Health, 45(4), 357-365. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1403494817700287

Yan, C. G., Chen, X., Li, L., Castellanos, F. X., Bai, T. J., Bo, Q. J., … & Zang, Y. F. (2019). Reduced default mode network functional connectivity in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(18), 9078-9083. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900390116

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FAQs

Clinical assessment examples

Clinical assessment is a process of gathering information about an individual’s psychological, emotional, and behavioral functioning. Here are some examples of clinical assessments:

1. Diagnostic interviews: This type of assessment involves an interview with a mental health professional to determine a diagnosis for a mental health disorder.
2. Intelligence testing: Intelligence testing is used to measure an individual’s cognitive abilities, such as their memory, problem-solving, and reasoning skills.
3. Personality assessment: Personality assessments are used to identify an individual’s unique personality traits, such as their introversion or extroversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism.
4. Behavioral observation: Behavioral observation involves observing an individual’s behavior in various settings to gain insight into their emotional and behavioral functioning.
5. Neuropsychological testing: Neuropsychological testing assesses an individual’s cognitive and behavioral functioning to determine if there are any underlying neurological issues.
6. Self-report questionnaires: Self-report questionnaires are used to gather information from individuals about their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
7. Projective testing: Projective testing involves presenting individuals with ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots or pictures, and asking them to describe what they see. This can provide insight into an individual’s unconscious thoughts and emotions.
8. Substance abuse assessment: Substance abuse assessments evaluate an individual’s history of substance use and related behaviors to determine if they meet criteria for a substance use disorder.
9. Family assessment: Family assessments are used to understand the dynamics within a family system and identify potential areas of conflict or dysfunction.
10. Cultural assessment: Cultural assessments involve evaluating an individual’s cultural background and beliefs to understand how they may impact their mental health and treatment.